Sophias Resturant Essays - Fashion, Footwear, Nike, Inc., Shoe

Sophia's Resturant Diagram At 24 years old, Sue Koenig propelled Runners World retail shoe store. Notable and broadly positioned as a sprinter herself, Sue knew direct of the requirement for athletic shoes remarkably intended for the genuine sprinter. Her planning was great. Verbal spread and Runners World built up a decent base of faithful and rehash clients. A national wellbeing and exercise furor further energized the interest for very good quality running shoes. This was a help to early achievement, and brought about a consistent and beneficial development during the initial ten years of activity. Sue had only picked Nike's chief line of running shoes as the foundation of Runners World retail product offering. For a period, Nike's solid picture and forceful advancement battle end up being an exceptionally astute and strong showcasing procedure. In any case, various components have started to antagonistically influence Runners World's presentation. Organization development has reached a virtual stop as ongoing deals have straightened out. Benefit levels stay sensible however could debilitate if some prompt and potentially extraordinary changes are not consolidated. Rivalry, style and a wide spread loss of enthusiasm for running have cut into the specialty piece of the pie Runners World once exclusively delighted in. This has Sue worried about what to do. At the point when Sue at first began Runners World, she had an unmistakable objective market as a main priority - the genuine jogger or sprinter who needed the best quality running shoes cash could purchase. Things were straightforward and straight forward, however now the interest and atmosphere is evolving. Client decisions, desires and needs have extended. There are numerous options that Sue needs to deliberately research and investigate. On a very basic level, Sue should genuinely assess whether there is as yet an enormous enough market locally for her specific stock. Present Strategy In her heart, Sue realizes that her crucial sound - to give top of the line running shoes to the individuals who share her energy for the game. There is no doubt that she contacts her objective market. Her customer base, comprising of the most genuine sprinters, are rehash purchasers who transform running shoes into a staple. They discover a shoe they like and stick with it. The top of the line Nikes she presently sells were in every case all around acknowledged and seen as top quality. Feeling that change is unavoidable in the event that she needs to remain serious, Sue realizes it is important to rethink the business methodology of her promoting blend. Despite the fact that constrained to value her stock in accordance with Nike, Sue is as yet ready to sell the shoes and get a $5 to $7 per pair premium. This has brought about appealing benefits by and large while as yet staying serious in the market. As patterns go, Sue knows that running is on the decrease. Nike running shoes are as yet her essential item, however as practicing went to a kinder, gentler stage, Sue added an optional stock to her store. Planning to catch a progressively assorted market, Runners World included Nike shoes for strolling, vigorous exercise, b-ball, tennis, and broadly educating. These sold well for some time yet deals for these different shoes have likewise straightened out. Sprinters World frantically needs to draw in new business. Agreeable at its present area for as long as twelve years, the encompassing zone has gotten home to other retail chains and retail chains, expanding the opposition in the games shoe and attire showcase. Stores, for example, Foot Locker and Wal-Mart are climbing to find their adversaries who have been in the business for some time and convey monstrous determinations. Sue's notoriety for being a broadly positioned sprinter had consistently been adequate to advance Runners World, a natural and stable apparatus in the network. All the more as of late, she has become horrendously mindful that her notoriety alone won't be sufficient to support her present market. Resolved to restore the store as the hotspot for her sprinter's needs, Sue starts the overwhelming undertaking of investigating the qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers to her business. Ends In light of our investigation of Sue's momentum advertising procedure and the inquiries we have raised in regards to Runner's World's future, we unequivocally ask Sue to keep on spend significant time in running shoes, yet to include other top of the line marks other than Nike and evade the in vogue as well as low-end brands, for example, Skechers (MENTION OTHER BRANDS and RESEARCH THEIR PRICES), which would just befuddle her clients. We

Economic and financial markets Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Monetary and budgetary markets - Case Study Example In 1992 Starbucks turned into an open restricted organization (www.mhhe.com) through an IPO. The espresso is provided for the most part through its own and diversified coffeehouse chains just as through stores. Starbucks’ fundamental rivals in the claim to fame coffeehouse business are Costa Coffee, Barista and Coffee Bean. In spite of the fact that its pillar remains its espresso blending business, Starbucks additionally offers other hot and cold beverages, hot and cold sandwiches, frozen yogurt, baked goods and tidbits. Numerous individuals have purchased its mugs and tumblers to communicate their gratefulness for the Starbucks brand. An all the more as of late made Starbucks Entertainment Division and its Hear Music name additionally offers books, music and movies. Plainly Starbucks has extended from only an espresso mark to an a lot bigger endeavor (www.starbucks.com). Remarks on Starbucks’ Pricing Strategy In the given task, we are approached to remark on the evalu ating system of Starbucks chain. We are informed that at a neighborhood Starbucks, clients are offered an assortment of choices with the accompanying value list: Freshly blended espresso ?1.55 Cafe Latte ?1.99 Capuccino ?1.99 Vanilla Latte ?2.29 Caramel Machiato ?2.65 Cafe Americano ?1.70 Expresso ?1.35 Cafe Mocha ?2.25 White Cafe Mocha ?2.65 The above costs are for the ‘tall’ size of the above drinks. ... tte, Cappuccino and Cafe Americano come in the value go ?1.70 to ?1.99, and the last or highest level is for its fancier contributions, for example, Vanilla Latte, Cafe Mocha and White Cafe Mocha, costing somewhere in the range of ?2.25 and ?2.65 separately. It is likewise conceivable that the individuals requesting these refreshments structure various classes of clients for Starbucks. Possibly the expense of making these drinks and the extra work and fixings that are placed in have likewise influenced the last cost charged by Starbucks. So we can see that there are three levels of costs perhaps demonstrating low, medium and high class client inclinations. At any rate the extent that some espresso goes, there isn't a lot of by and large variety between the most reduced cost of ?1.35 and the most significant expense of ?2.65 a cup at Starbucks-to be sure it is entirely sensible and such a value distinction will promptly be acknowledged by a buyer (Kotler, 1990). Item valuing hypothesi s exhorts us that when setting the cost of an item, we should consider the value versatility of interest for an item (McConnell and Brue, 2005). Anyway one must view some espresso as a fundamental need particularly in the winter season, so its value flexibility is moderately low. Its lone genuine substitute is tea, yet even that loses favor in the winter season. For affirmed espresso devotees, no other refreshment will do. Starbucks’ evaluating methodology will doubtlessly additionally be affected by the cost charged by its rivals, regardless of whether it is going into another commercial center and is happy to offer value limits to start with period, or whether it needs to put itself at the higher finish of the market and charge more significant expenses, concentrating just on a select gathering of top of the line clients having buying power. Clearly it is supported in this by its universal

No Link Between Autism and Vaccination

As indicated by the World Health Organization and the American Psychological Association, chemical imbalance is a formative inability, showing itself before the age of three, and coming about because of a turmoil of the focal anxious system.â The formative handicap is determined to have the utilization of explicit standards for hindrances in the territories of correspondence, essential social communication, the premiums of influenced people, and their creative mind just as activities.â Autistic youngsters are known to be delayed at fundamental procedures like language securing that solid kids are known to adapt rapidly (â€Å"Autism†). The reasons for mental imbalance are questionable, which is the reason it is workable for individuals to define a large group of speculations on the reasons for this formative incapacity (â€Å"Autism†). A British report distributed in February 1998 was confounded by endless individuals who accepted that the information gave confirmation that the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) immunization was liable for chemical imbalance in children.â The examination was directed by a group of thirteen researchers with Dr. Andrew Wakefield of Oxford University as the group head. After it was found that guardians had started to fear the MMR immunization in light of the fact that a discussion had been pursued with respect to the information introduced in their investigation, ten of the thirteen creators of the examination report made the accompanying articulation which was distributed on the BBC site: â€Å"We wish to clarify that in this paper no causal connection was set up between MMR antibody and chemical imbalance, as the information were insufficient† (Jackson). The interest for inoculation fell in the United Kingdom after the information in the previously mentioned investigation had been misjudged, and the confounded data had been publicized.â This implied kids could never again be shielded from measles, mumps, and rubella.â In point ofâ fact, it was discovered that a noteworthy number of families had altogether abandoned the possibility of immunization for their kids. A few guardians had selected single antibodies as opposed to the MMR at that point, however wellbeing associations and the UK government cautioned that even single immunizations put kids in danger (Burke).â What is progressively, even a few specialists in the United States had started to accept that the MMR inoculation was liable for autism.â Globalization had spread the gossip overseas.â According to Dr. Mary Megson from Virginia, The fragment of kids with â€Å"regressive autism,† the structure where kids create regularly for a while then lose abilities and sink into mental imbalance, most generally at 18-24 long stretches old enough, is expanding at an amazing rate.â I am seeing a few kids in the equivalent family influenced, remembering for the most recent week four instances of â€Å"autistic regression† creating in four-year-old youngsters after their MMR and DPT vaccination.â before, this was unbelievable. The specialist from Virginia instructed that the usage with respect to safe immunization arrangements should turn into a main goal, seeing that inoculation can't be avoided youngsters (Megson).â The specialist had accepted that there was unquestionably a connection among chemical imbalance and vaccination.â As a self evident actuality, numerous specialists accepted what Dr. Megson had believed.â This is on the grounds that the connection between MMR immunization and mental imbalance was that of â€Å"coincidental-timing.†Ã¢ at the end of the day, the side effects of chemical imbalance started to happen around a similar time as the inoculation. Thus, guardians started to erroneously accept that the immunization was without a doubt liable for autism.â Dr. Ken Haller, who fills in as an essential consideration pediatrician with the Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital explainedâ the deception consequently: â€Å"When something horrendous happens to a kid, everybody needs a purpose behind it†¦Ã¢ As a doctor, it's hard for me, when I see a child who's determined to have mental imbalance or a seizure issue, to state we have no clue why this happened.â But individuals need to get a handle on onto something; that is human instinct. (Jackson)† The â€Å"insufficient† information in the examination directed by Dr. Wakefield and his associates couldn't discover a connection among mental imbalance and vaccination.â So, two distinct gatherings of specialists in the United States endeavored to see if there was genuinely a connection among chemical imbalance and vaccination.â Dr. James A. Kaye and his partners at the Boston University utilized the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database to see if 254 young men experiencing chemical imbalance in their investigation were really enduring a direct result of MMR inoculation. Dr. Loring Dales and her associates at the California Department of Health Services in Berkeley played out a comparative report during the equivalent time.â Both of these investigations in the end demonstrated that there is no connection at all among chemical imbalance and vaccination.â The aftereffects of both of these examinations really indicated that while the utilization of inoculation stayed consistent over the long run, the instances of mental imbalance expanded drastically among youngsters without immunization being answerable for the expansion (Kubetin). In spite of the fact that it had just been obviously demonstrated that there is unquestionably no connection among chemical imbalance and immunization, the created existence where the discussion on mental imbalance and inoculation had been pursued was looking for a genuinely thorough examination to show whether there truly is a connection among chemical imbalance and immunization, or not.â K. Madsen, A. Hvii, and M. Vestergaard report on precisely the sort of study that was being looked for lastly directed on Danish youngsters: This is the most immediate assessment of whether MMR causes mental imbalance distributed to date. Despite the fact that every single epidemiological examination led as of late have discovered no affiliation between the MMR immunization and beginning of mental imbalance, plan constraints have left some uncertainty about this issue.  This verifiable companion incorporated every single Danish kid conceived somewhere in the range of 1991 and 1998 at the point when commonness rates for mental imbalance and medically introverted range issue were expanding.  Because of the careful quality of the Danish arrangement of enrollment, ascertainment of inoculation status and medical issues was strikingly precise and complete.  Since the partner was made out of the whole populace, both immunized and unvaccinated kids had a similar danger of chemical imbalance before presentation to the antibody.  Nearly all youngsters were represented toward the finish of the investigation that is all.  Specialists utilizing the equivalent analytic arrangement framework made the analysis of mental imbalance in a uniform way. Presumably, this was the far reaching concentrate with ‘sufficient data’ that guardians were looking for the outcomes of.â The structure of the investigation was for all intents and purposes immaculate.â above all, the examination demonstrated by and by that there was no distinction in the danger of chemical imbalance in the kids that were inoculated refrains those that were not vaccinated.â Moreover, the cases considered as a feature of the examination were not bunched anytime after the immunization.â Madsen et al. report that the library information that was utilized didn't contain data on youngsters that were experiencing formative regression.â Hence, the issue that there may be kids who demonstrate weakness to inoculation, couldn't be controlled out.â If there is a gathering of such kids, the hazard for vaccinatedâ children would be more noteworthy than 1.â However, the inverse ended up being genuine †that is, there is unquestionably no danger of chemical imbalance in kids particularly due to immunization. Since the size of the example of kids examined was exceptionally enormous, and there was no proof to show that there is a connection among mental imbalance and inoculation, Madsen et al. reasoned that guardians ought to boldly keep on immunizing their kids so as to stay away from future episodes of disease.â Given that guardians had already just confided in bogus translations of the British investigation that had appeared to show a connection among mental imbalance and inoculation, it is currently time to surrender the deception entirely.â Science depends on genuine realities, which is the reason we as a whole trust logical data. We have been appeared through a few examinations that there is surely no connection among chemical imbalance and vaccination.â There have been more investigations of a similar kind with similar outcomes that we have not discussed.â Future investigations may comparatively show that there is no connection among mental imbalance and vaccination.â Even along these lines, guardians can't keep their youngsters from inoculation hanging tight for future investigations of a similar kind, producing the equivalent results.â The fate of kids is in question without vaccination.â The logical proof that has been discovered so far is adequate. Works Cited â€Å"Autism.† (2007). Wikipedia. Recovered from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism. (4 April 2007). Burke, Maria. â€Å"Every parent's decision? Chemical imbalance and inoculation †the jury's out.† Chemistry and Industry (2002, February 18). Jackson, Harry Jr. â€Å"Debate on mental imbalance and inoculation began after British clinical study.† St. Louis Post-Dispatch (2004, May 28). Kubetin, Sally Koch. â€Å"MMR Vaccination Not Tied to Rise in Autism Rate.† Clinical Psychiatry News (2001, July 1). Madson, K., A. Hvii, and M. Vestergaard. â€Å"There is little proof that joined inoculation against measles, mumps, and rubella is related with autism.† Evidence-Based Mental Health (2003, May 1). Megson, Mary. â€Å"Autism and Vaccinations.† The Weston A. Value Foundation (2004, March 16). Recovered from http://www.westonaprice.org/kids/index.html. (3 April 2007).   Â

Direction of U.S. Monetary Policy for the Year Ahead - 825 Words

Direction of U.S. Monetary Policy for the Year Ahead (Case Study Sample) Content: Direction of U.S. Monetary Policy for the Year AheadNameInstitutionDateIntroduction:The US economy has undergone a major recovery since it early 2000 when the economy had receded to a worrying level. During the great recession period the rate of unemployment had gone up to ten-percent and this has improved significantly to about 4% this year. The goal of the Federal Open Market Committee's (FOMC) is to ensure that unemployment is reduced, as prices of commodities also remain stable. At the rate of 4%, unemployment is almost in compliance with the aims and objectives of the FOMC. Unemployment, together with inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), are some of the core indicators of the Americaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economic indicators that require very close redress if the monetary policy is to be sustained.A summary of the key IndicatorsAs already mentioned, inflation, unemployment, and GDP are the core indicators that require addressing. To start with, even though labor mar ket has received a significant boost in the recent past, full employment has not been achieved as expected by the FOMC CITATION Fer14 \l 2057 (Laurent Sestieri, 2014). A number of people who have reached the retirement age can still seek and get employment even in labor markets that are very strong. And in order to make a valid conclusion on the number of the unemployed, those in the working age bracket should report that they have been looking for jobs in the past one month or so. Another group of people like the teenagers in learning institutions, retirees, those taking care of children at homes, would decide not to look for jobs in very competitive labor markets CITATION Mic14 \l 2057 (Clements, 2014). Lastly, there are people who work as part-timers, but would wish to get full-time employment which they are unable to come by. These are some of the factors that greatly influence the rate of unemployment, but are assumed in making such considerations CITATION Rei15 \l 2057 (Da ve, Wascher, Wilcox, 2015).The second indicator for the US economy is the GDP. From the inflation point of view, the real GDP has improved on a moderate level CITATION Fer14 \l 2057 (Laurent Sestieri, 2014). The annual growth rate of the GDP is estimated to be about 2.75 %. History has it that the rate is now equivalent to the average of the past 5 years, and that is not a mean improvement. It is believed that the annual growth is hindered by the net exports which are weak. Indeed, net export has pulled back the growth at an average rate of 0.5 % for the last 3 quarters. The consequence of this is the slow foreign economic growth, appreciation of the US dollar, and increased damping of the US exports. In contrast, the components of domestic final purchases (PDFP) like investments in business and residential increases at a relatively faster rate of up to three-percent. However, the rate at which real GDP is moving, economists believe, is sufficient to foster the achievement of the goal of eliminating unemployment in the US.With regards to inflation in the US, there is an evidence of an unstable consumer price inflation, a move that is mainly, catalyzed by the fluctuations in the price of oil and other important goods CITATION Fer14 \l 2057 (Laurent Sestieri, 2014). In the beginning of the year 2011 for instance, the rate of inflation increased significantly due to increases in the prices of gasoline and other important commodities and services; later in the year when the price of crude oil, declined inflation also responded in the same manner. When inflation is viewed from the price perspective, the average annual rate for the last two years stands at about 1.5% CITATION Rei15 \l 2057 (Dave, Wascher, Wilcox, 2015). When compared to the rates before the great recession, this seems to be lower though below the FOMCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s goal.State of the US Economy in terms of Business CycleIn economics, business cycle refers to the economic expansion and contractio n. During expansion, price inflation and economic growth are both experienced simultaneously, while at the time of contraction, employment and growth of the economy depreciates CITATION Rei15 \l 2057 (Dave, Wascher, Wilcox, 2015). The graphical representation of the business cycle shows that during the period of decline, the economy performance is lowest, and is represented by the trough while on the other hand, expansion would be shown by the crests or peaks. The graphs below shows the business cycle (in terms of the economic indicators: GDP, unemployment, and inflation respectively) of US economy for the last decade CITATION Mic14 \l 2057 (Clements, 2014)Fro...

Bp Deep Water Horizontal Explosion - 3148 Words

INTRODUCTION BP originated from a British petroleum company founded in 1909. After experiencing crises during the 1980s-1990s, the company started to have a cost cutting culture. During mid-1990s, with an aggressive growth strategy, BP started to grow and reposition. After BP merged with Amoco in 1998, John Browne started to serve as chief executive until May 2007. Browne repositioned BP as a â€Å"green† oil company after he took over and practiced the model of organizational decision-making strategy, known as â€Å"asset federation.† Under this new strategy, onsite asset managers had the authority to make decisions, and employees’ compensation was directly tied to asset performance (Ingersoll et. al, 4). Many decisions made by John Browne were†¦show more content†¦Mark Hafle, one of BP’s drilling engineers even claimed the cement job was working fine at court (Ingersoll et. al, 16). The drilling engineers of the Macondo project were warned about potential risks, but they willfully ignored the warnings and insisted everything would work fine. Such bias and rationalized behavior of drilling engineers just added another warning sign to the explosion of Deepwater Horizon. Secondly, BP’s business relationships are complex, and the legitimate priorities often conflict (Crews). BP’s failure to prevent the explosion was due in part to complex partnership. BP held the rights to drill using the rig and operation services leased from Transocean. As a result, â€Å"of the 126 people aboard the Deepwater Horizon, 79 were from Transocean, seven were from BP, and the rest were from other firms† (Ingersoll et. al, 1). People serving on Deepwater Horizon came from different organizations. A decision making process involved many authorities, which decreased the efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making. Even though BP maintained main operational authority, only six percent of people aboard the Deepwater Horizon rig were from BP. As an important business partner of BP, Transocean provided the equipment and performed the majority of the work, and thereafter it had some authority over operations and maintenance. The complex business partnership caused seriousShow MoreRelatedOffshore Oil Drilling and the Deepwater Horizon Spill of the Gulf of Mexico1591 Words   |  7 Pagesand pushed the exploration of oil away from shores (CITE). With its historical background, offshore oil drilling is one of the most important aspects of today’s economy although we are faced with its risks and consequences, such as the BP Deepwater Horizon explosion of the Gulf of Mexico. Offshore oil drilling is known as a power-driven process where a wellbore is penetrated through the seabed to extract petroleum oil hydrocarbons that â€Å"lie in rock formations beneath the seabed† (CITE). 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International Trade And Trade Agreements Essay - 1396 Words

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The United Kingdom is not immune to these cooperative measuresRead MoreThe International Trade Agreement With Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, And The Dominican Republic1179 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction On August 2004, the United States signed the Central America Free Trade Agreement with Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic. CAFTA is the first free trade agreement of its kind given that it is between the United States and smaller developing countries. The agreement encourages economic cooperation among these nations resulting in a stronger regional integration and contributing to greater stability. Beginning with a brief overview about

Leading Organization and Change Strategic Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Leading Organization and Change for Strategic Leadership. Answer: Introduction In the growing complexities of the human resource management issues, the strong link between change management and strategic leadership is essential to provide an appropriate organizational direction toward growth. The strategic leadership and change management will provide a framework for the achievement of the organizational goals and objectives(Aitken and Higgs2010). This report will develop a broad understanding of the main topic Leading organization and Change by emphasizing the linkage or alignment among strategic leadership, change management, organizational direction, and management skills to support the organizational strategy. This assessment will describe about how change management and leadership styles can be applied to the organization in different situations and impact of these leadership styles on organizational strategic decision-making will also be evaluated. The leadership strategy will be developed by using appropriate theories and methods of leadership and change management to provide an appropriate future direction(Adair 2013). This assessment will also review the current change management and leadership strategy in order to develop the skills that may be required to face future challenges. Along with this, a future plan will be prepared to develop leadership skills in order to deal with the future challenges and potential problems. On the basis of above findings, the references will be made related to the relevant change management and leadership theories. Organizational background of Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Corporation is a USA-based Multinational Computer Technology Outsourcing Companyhaving the main headquarters In Redmond, Washington, US. It is a leading software development company in the world that was originally established by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1975. Microsoft has been enjoying the high market share and huge revenues for the last couple of decades in the global industry. Microsoft Corporation has its own product development, manufacturing, and licensing units to sell the computer software applications and windows programs to the global users. Microsoft has high brand recognition and customer loyalty by offering the Computer technological applications of the value-added and high performanceto the users (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson2008). The company believes in empoweringeveryone and every business organization on the planet to achieve more. The product lines of Microsoft include Windows versions (Window 95, Window 98, Window Vista, Window XP, Window 7, Window 8, and Window 10), MS office (MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power point, MS Access), and MS DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System).It also offers mobile phones, windows phones, surface tablets, Skype, Xbox, visual Games, and server applications. It provides the services includingBing, MSN, Skype, MSDN, Xbox, OneDrive, and TechNet. Satya Narayana Nadella is the present CEO of Microsoft Corporation, who was appointed on 4 Feb, 2014. Microsoft has employed app. 120,000 employees worldwide at different business divisions (Johensen 2012). Main Body Evaluation of adaptability of Change Management and Leadership styles and impact of these styles on strategic decision making Different types of change management and leadership styles are adapted to different situations within the organization of Microsoft which are following discussed as: Participative or Democratic style- This leadership style could be effective for the leader to take an appropriate decision by allowing the participation of the employees in the decision-making process of the company. In this style, the leader follows two-way communication processin order to provide freedom to the employees to share their views and ideas with the leader. This leadership style is adapted in the situations when decisions are taken collectively with the corporation of the subordinates or staff members. Each employee has equal opportunity to participate in the decision-making process and liberty to keep their views and opinions(Longo and Cristofoli 2008). The views, opinions and suggestions of the employees or participant are considered as inputs for the final decision making. Autocratic or Authoritative leadership style- This leadership style is adapted to a situation where the leader takes decisions unilaterally and independently without involving the participation of the employees for the companys decisions. The opinions and views of the employees or subordinates are not considered for the decision-making process. This leadership style works best in the situation when the leader directs the employees for executing the tasks or projects assigned to them. The leader doesnt get the advice of the followers for the companys meetings or decisions. In this style of leadership, the leader directs and motivates the followers or employees by providing persuasion and feedback on their performance(Luis 2010). This leadership style is adapted to the situations when the leader takes decisions in the critical situations or emergencies without involving others in the decisions. Delegative or Laissez-faire leadership style- This style of leadership is adapted to the situations where the leader gives freedom for the followers or subordinates to make the decisions ownselves without intervening their activities and decisions. The leader provides the necessary resources for the followers or subordinates and gives them an opportunity to take decisions with little guidance. Bureaucratic style: This leadership style is adapted to the situations when leaders are skilled, educated, and experienced. The leader takes decision with own judicious after assessing the organizational situations or risk factors. The leader takes decision for the interest of the organization by using the available sources in the given conditions. Charismatic style: This style of leadership is adapted to the situations where the leadertakes decision after observing the current organizational situations and estimating the risk factors. In this leadership style, the leader encourages the followers or subordinates to give their best performance for the achievement of the organizational goals and objectives(Lussier and Achua 2012). This leadership style works best in the positive work environment where the leader motivates the subordinates or followers to work hard and strive to succeed in the goals-accomplishment. For the organization of Microsoft, the participative or democratic leadership style will be most suitable which has been currently using in the organization of Microsoft because this leadership style will help Satya Nadella in taking decisions effectively by allowing the participation and involvement of the followers or subordinates in the decision-making process of the company. This leadership style will be effective for Nadella to get the opinions, views, and responses of the employees while taking the final decisions(Wheelen2012). The change management and leadership styles affect the organizational decision-making to the great extent because these styles influence the mindsets of the leader to make effective decisions. In the participative or democratic leadership style, the views, opinions, and recommendations of the employees are considered by allowing them to participate in the companys meetings and decision making process. This leadership style is effective to take accurate and right decisions because the decisions are taken collectively by getting advice from the followers or subordinates(Thompson and Martin2010). In the autocratic leadership style, the decisions are taken individually by the leader without involving the participants in the decision-making process. Sometimes, such types of leaders take decisions in the emergencies that reduce the effectiveness and efficiency of the decisions. The bureaucratic leadership style affects the strategic decisions because the decisions are taken after assessing the contingent situations and risk factor. The leaders are well educated, knowledgeable, and trained who take effective decisions for the interests of the organization. In the free rein or laissez-Fair leadership style, the decisions are taken by the followers or subordinate themselves without much intervention of the leader (Stringham 2012). The employees have authorities and liberty to take decisions in their own way. So, different leadership and management styles affect the organizational decisions. Development of leadership strategy by using selected theories and methods of change management and leadership An effective leadership strategy is required for moving the organization toward the achievement of future goals and objectives by linking the leadership strategy to the extensive changes. It will be good from the perspective of the organizational growth to create a leadership strategy for the development of an effective leader. The leader can provide the organization of Microsoft an appropriate direction toward growth through performing his duties, responsibilities, and authorities in an effective manner. The leadership strategy and management knowledge are affected by the use of the change management and leadership theories. By using the management and leadership theories, the impact of the situational factors (competition level, high job stress, job structure, diversified workforce, and changing environmental conditions) on the leadership behavior and strategyis identified (Smillie and Hailey 2001). The theories of leadership and change management include Great Man theory, Transfor mational theory, Trait theory, Transactional theory, Situational theory, Leadership-Member Exchange theory, Contingency and charismatic leadership theory that significantly affect the leadership and change management strategy. For the organization of Microsoft, the leadership theories including contingency or situational theory, transformation theory, and behavioral theory can be used. Transformational theory- This theory will assist in developing an effective leadership strategy by encouraging the leaders for the attainment of the long term goals, objectives, strategies and vision. This theory will be supportive to transform the leader in order to bring innovation and creativity for enhancing the performances and productivity of the workforces by influencing the behaviors and attitudesof the individuals (Olson and Simerson2015). By using this theory, the leader can share the job skills, knowledge and experiences with the organizational members in order to attain the organizational goals and objectives effectively. Situational or contingency theory- This theory will be effective for the development of the future leadership strategy. This theory will influence the behavior of the leaders to take effective decisions according to organizational situations(Finkelstein, Hambrick and Cannella 2009). This theory assumes that the leadership behavior should be contingent based on situations for influencing the motivational level and commitment of the employees for accomplishing their tasks effectively. After observing the situations, the leaders should make change in the change management and leadership strategy. Behavioral theory- This theory affects the behaviors, attitudes, perceptions and values of the leader which in turn influences the leadership strategy for encouraging the employees for the achievement of organizational goals and objectives (Napoleon and Abell 2008). This theory is effective to win the loyalty and confidence of the team members by allowing their participation in the decision-making. On the basis of above findings and assumptions from the theories of leadership and change management, an effective leadership strategy will be developed to support the organizations future direction by linking the strategy with the attainment of the future goals, vision, and objectives. The leadership strategy will assist to lead the workforce effectively by managing the performances of the individuals for the accomplishment of the tasks or projects assigned to them as per their skills, roles, and knowledge. Microsoft is one of the leading computer software development companies in the world which is known for high market presence and corporate global identity. It has employed around 120,000 employees to handle the overall business operations of Microsoft. SatyaNarayanaNadella is the CEO or leader of Microsoft. Microsoft Corporation has been facing complex problems and potential challenges for the last few years due to ineffective leadership strategies and policies in Microsoft. It has been difficult for the leader to manage the external business operations of Microsoft while working at different environmental conditions. After the acquisition of Nokia by Microsoft in 2014, the challenges and responsibilities for Nadella have been increased. So, it has become necessary to develop a leadership strategy to prepare the leader for the potential challenges and future responsibilities (Riggio and Tan2013). For developing aneffective leadership strategy, the current leadership strategy is revie wed in order to identify the strong and weak points of the leadership. After assessing the current leadership strategy, the current leadership skills and abilities are compared with the future leadership skills and abilities that will assist in identifying the skills gap for the development of the future leadership strategy. Creation of Leadership Strategy The leadership strategy of Microsoft will include the leadership skills, managerial abilities, specialization of fields, commitment, unique traits, and managerial competence that will be required for performing the leadership role, tasks, and responsibilities effectively. The leadership strategy will also include the commitment and orientation of the leader toward the organizational vision, mission, future goals, objectives, strategies, and vision statement. The leadership strategy will also contain the roles, duties, authorities and responsibilities ofeach employee that will be determined by the leader. The leadership strategy will also include the self-leadership before committing to lead others. It will also include the risk assessment and management, future tasks or projects, potential challenges, and required experience and knowledge(Samson and Bevington 2012). The leadership strategy of Microsoft will also include the participation of the team members or subordinates in the tea m meetings. The leadership strategy will also contain the development of the professionalism, trust, belief, respect required for determining the future direction of the organization. This strategy will include the changes required for the leader after assessing the organizational requirements and contingent situations. Methods to review the current leadership and change Management within the organization For reviewing the current organizational leadership and change management of Microsoft Company, several methods such as SWOT analysis, self-assessment, Life Mission Statement, and Qualification gap and Performance analysis can be used. The Self-Assessment is a method that can be used to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the leadership of Satya Nadella through assessment of the current skills and future skills required for the dealing with the complex problems and future challenges. Creating a life mission statement through a life mission statement worksheet will provide the leader future insights by encouraging the leader to lead and guide the organizational members for the achievement of long-term goals and objectives(Finkelstein, Hambrick, and Cannella 2009). This method will define the future leadership skills and change management requirements by assessing the current management strategy and leadership in the organization of Microsoft. The qualification gap and performance analysis is a method that can be used to assess the current leadership skills, managerial abilities, and change management strategy of Microsoft.This method will help in analyzing a gap between the current leadership skills and change management strategy and future leadership and change management requirements. This tool will help in comparing the leadership performance and strategic change management level of the current year with the previous years of leadership performance and change management strategy(Flevy2014). SWOT analysis is an important tool to review the current leadership and change management strategy of Microsoft by identifying the strength and weakness of the current leadership of Nadella and further leadership and change management opportunities and threats for the leader in the future. From the SWOT analysis, it is identified that listening, writing, managerial, andcoordination skills are the strengths of the leadership of Microsoft. This method also shows that the leader also has weaknesses, such as motivation skills, communication or representation skills and decision making inability. As per SWOT analysis, the opportunities include time-management skills, problem solving skills,creative thinking and innovative ideas that will be required for dealing with the complex problems and potential future challenges (Fullan2011). According to SWOT analysis, the threats include diversified and inexperienced workforce, cultural diversity and management challenges, growing competition leve l, changing customers needs and growing market demands, different environmental conditions, fast changing technology, growing demand of the corporate social responsibility and ethical behavior are several issues that create potential risks for the leaderof Microsoft. After reviewing the current organizational leadership and change managementof Microsoft by using the appropriate methods, it is identified that the current leadership skills, managerial qualities,and change management strategy of Microsoft are below the expectation level and requiremore efforts to prepare the leader for the future goals and potential challenges. The leader of Microsoft is required to develop extra leadership skills that may be required for dealing with the complex future problems and potential challenges becauseit will be effective to lead the workforce effectively by managing their performances for the future tasks or projects and potential challenges facing while working at different environmental conditions(Jung 2011). The development of extra leadership skills and managerial competencies will also assist the leader to attain the organizational vision, mission, long-term goals and objectives and targets within determined timelines and estimated budget. It will also be effective for Microsoft toorganize long-term training sessions and coaching and development programs for developing the future leadership developmentthat may be required for dealing with the future situations or challenges. Along with this, the job rotation, mentoring, use of case studies and learning programs, group discussions, and e-studies will be effective for developing the future leadership and management. For ex- for the introduction of the new services, such as smartphones, windows phones, tablets, and Xbox (new products which were introduced by Microsoft after the acquisition of Nokia), the new advertising strategy, marketing plans and objectives will be required for the success of these new products(Kavanagh and Ashkanasy2006). Identifying the new customer segments, determination of competition level, creation of new market plan and strategy, and growth prospects will be future challenges for the Leader of Microsoft while dealing with the new product line. Plan to develop the leadership skills to deal with potential situations or challenges At Microsoft, it is essential to for the leader to create a plan for the development of the leadership skills and managerial qualities in order to manage the performances of the employees. In order to develop the leadership skills, such as managerial skills, motivation skills, time management skills, and decision-making skills, the development methods, such as training, coaching, mentoring, e-learning studies (e-books, magazines, journals, and articles), case studies, meetings and seminars, group discussions, and promotional events will be used.The coaching programs and mentoring will assist to develop the leadership abilities. The training and skills development methods will assist to enhance the leadership qualities and managerial competencies of the leaders(Anderson and Anderson 2010). Job rotation is an effective tool that can be used to enhance the leadership skills and managerial qualities of the leader. The leader will be appointed in different geographical regions periodically that will assist to prepare them to face the complex situations and further challenges and to take effective decisions in these situations. Along with this, the case studieswill assist in improving themanagerial qualities, leadership skills, technical knowledge, and decision making ability of the leader. The group discussions will be effective to improve the communication skills, negotiation skills, and decision making skills of the leader. The use of E-learning, such as e-study of the books, blogs, articles, journals, and essays and the leadership histories of the former successful leaderswill be effective to enhance the leadership skills and managerial qualities of the leader(DuBrin 2012).The following table will emphasize the development of the leadership skills through the use of the suitable development methods. Types of Leadership skills Objectivity Time period for development/ improvement Development methods Development of communication or representative skills To communicate with organizational members and stakeholders effectively To correspond the organizational members and external stakeholders through emails, social media, Skype or videoconferencing 2 months Joining training classes, seminars, meetings or presentation ceremonies Participating in group discussions Reading books, magazines, articles, newspapers, or e-studies Development of time-management skills To execute and accomplish the assigned tasks or projectsin the determined timelines 2 months Through training, case studies, group discussions, and reviewing the implemented projects By reading books, magazines and essays on time management books Development of motivational skills To motivate the subordinates and organizational members effectively To encourage the team members for the goals achievement To enhance employee morale and job satisfaction 2 months Through training, coaching, and group discussions Reading e-books, essays, articles or magazines on motivation theories Improvement in problem-solving skills To solve the inter-organizational conflicts and complex problems To prepare them for the future challenges Tofind the best possible solution to the organizational problems 1 month By reading problem-solving books, articles, essays, magazines and journals Through joining meetings, seminars, training or group discussions Improvement in decision-making skills To take decisions effectively in the typical situations or unfavorable conditions 1 Month By attending seminars, meetings and group discussions By reading e-books, articles or essays, magazines, books, and case studies Improvement in negotiation skills To negotiate the organizational members and external stakeholders effectively 1 month By attending training, seminars, meetings, group discussions, and learning programs The above personal development plan will be effective for the leader of Microsoft in developing the leadership skills and managerial competencies required for performing the role of an effective leader in managing the performances of the employees. It will provide a platform for the leader to lead, direct and supervise the project team or staff members effectively. The PDP will also assist the leader to win the confidence, credibility and loyalty of the team members by enhancing the leadership skills and managerial abilities. The use of development methods will be effective for SatyaNadellato prepare himself for the future challenges and complicated situations. The development methods will be useful for the leader in taking right decisions in the critical situations. These methods will enhance the leadership skills, managerial qualities, and professional competencies of the leader to manage the workforce in an effective manner (Eikenberry 2011). These methods will be useful to develop several leadership qualities, such as change management, risk-taking ability and awareness, customer handling, creativity and innovation, depth understanding, strategic vision, and team working abilities. The use of the development methods will be effective to develop the motivation skills, communication skills, time-management skills, and decision-making skills as well as improvement in the problem solving skills, creative thinking skills, negotiation skills, and managerial skills of the leader. For ex-the self-assessment method will the useful in providing an assessment of the current leadership skills and managerial abilities by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the leader. Another method, like- job rotation will be useful to prepare the leader for working in different environment conditions by developing the leadership skills and professional competence of the leader(Cliff and Johan2010). The training and skills development programs will be useful to enhance the leadership skills and managerial qualities of the leader. The learning methods, such as case studies and group discussions will be useful to enhance theself-knowledge, depth understanding, and creative thinkingof the leader. Conclusion Recommendations From the above discussion, it can be concluded that change management and leadership are essential to direct the organization toward growth through the development of an effective leadership strategy by using the leadership theories and change management methods. The leader of Microsoft should use different leadership theories in different situations for managing the performances of the employees toward the achievement of the long-term business goals, objectives, and targets of the organization. The change management models and leadership theories will help the leader in designing an effective business strategy as per organizational requirements and changing business environmental trends. It could be effective for the firm to use suitable methods and techniques to review the current leadership and change management so that the necessary changes could be made for preparing the leader to take effective decisions in the complicated situations. The planning was made for developing the fu ture leadership skills in order to deal with the future complex problems and potential changes. References Adair, J. (2013) Develop Your Leadership Skills. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Aitken, P., and Higgs, M. (2010) Developing Change Leaders: The Principles and Practices of Change Leadership Development. UK: Routledge. Anderson, D., and Anderson, A. L. (2010) Beyond Change Management: How to Achieve Breakthrough Results through Conscious Change Leadership. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Cliff, R. and Johan, R. (2010) Leadership: Personal Development and Career Success. 3rd ed. USA: Cengage Learning. DuBrin, A. (2012) Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. USA: Cengage Learning. 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